The terms embryo donation and embryo adoption can be, and often are, used interchangeably. The programs found in fertility clinics tend to use the term embryo donation and the programs found in adoption agencies tend to use the term embryo adoption. The difference in terminology is dependent upon the viewpoint of the participants in the process. Under the law, both programs result in the legal change of parental relationship from the donors to the recipients.

Donor embryo programs are modeled after the donor gamete (egg or sperm) programs with which clinics have experience. In donor egg and donor sperm programs, the donors are processed and, once approved to donate, are presented to those interested in receiving their donation. There is no criminal background check or screening done on the recipient couple; however, both couples are counseled on their decision to donate or receive embryos. In using the donation model for embryos, the doctor serves as a sort of intermediary and may direct and even select the families to whom the embryos will be given. The donating and receiving families generally remain anonymous to one another; there is no contact between the families.

Embryo adoption programs are modeled after traditional adoption laws and programs offering the safeguards and education available in a traditional adoption experience. A homestudy is prepared for the adopting family and includes screening and education. This prepares and helps the family to anticipate and understand the issues and experiences that may arise in raising a child who is not genetically related to them. The homestudy also assures the donating parents that the adopting family is healthy and prepared to parent. In the adoption model, the families select each other and an adoption agency intermediary serves to ensure that the families' needs are satisfied prior to the placement.

Both the embryo donation and embryo adoption models recognize the importance of counseling for all parties involved.

Here are some helpful ideas to follow when you are considering embryo donation and adoption.

1. Do your homework. As with most topics the Internet is a good starting point (like this website:-). There are some excellent blogs where you can connect with both donors and adopters. There are one or two books on the subject too - check out your favorite bookstore.

2. Contact agencies or clinics that provide embryo donation and adoption services. You can find these listed on the Finding Help section.

3. Determine if this is right for your family. Financially embryo adoption is the least expensive form of adoption (as opposed to domestic or international adoption). However, there is no guarantee that your frozen embryo transfer (FET) will be successful.

4. Choose a reproductive endrocrinologist (a list of fertility clinics can be found in the Finding Help section). Choosing the right doctor for you is important, do your research and have face to face interaction before your selection.

5. Decide whether you want to use an agency or do-it-yourself. An agency will likely be more expensive, but they also have the experience and resources to support you before, during and after your adoption.

6. Wait to be matched!

Click here to watch several short educational videos regarding embryo donation and adoption.

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